By andrkrn — 26 Jun 2021

Part: 1 - Belajar ansible

Installation

Ansible

https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/intro_installation.html

Vagrant

https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/installation

https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads

VirtualBox

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

For Mac
https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/373369/129518
need to allow it in System Preferences → Security & Privacy → General

VMware (alternative for VirtualBox)

VMware

https://www.vmware.com/products/fusion.html

Getting started

Setup Vagrant boxes

Buat folder ansible-practice dan initialize vagrant untuk project ini.

$ mkdir ansible-practice
$ cd ansible-practice
$ vagrant init

Setelah itu akan ada sebuah Vagrantfile yang dibuat secara otomatis, kita akan membuat 2 buah VM, dengan OS debian dan ubuntu, berikut caranya.

Edit Vagrantfile menjadi seperti ini

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.define "node-debian10" do |node|
    node.vm.hostname = "node.debian10"
    node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.10.10"
    node.vm.box = "generic/debian10"

    node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.gui = false
      vb.memory = 1024
      vb.cpus = 2
    end
  end

  config.vm.define "node-ubuntu1804" do |node|
    node.vm.hostname = "node.ubuntu1804"
    node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.10.11"
    node.vm.box = "generic/ubuntu1804"

    node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.gui = false
      vb.memory = 1024
      vb.cpus = 2
    end
  end
end

Lanjutkan dengan menjalankan vagrant

$ vagrant up   
Bringing machine 'node-debian10' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine 'node-ubuntu1804' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> node-debian10: Checking if box 'generic/debian10' version '3.2.24' is up to date...
==> node-debian10: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> node-debian10: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> node-debian10: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    node-debian10: Adapter 1: nat
    node-debian10: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> node-debian10: Forwarding ports...
    node-debian10: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> node-debian10: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> node-debian10: Booting VM...
==> node-debian10: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    node-debian10: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    node-debian10: SSH username: vagrant
    node-debian10: SSH auth method: private key
==> node-debian10: Machine booted and ready!
==> node-debian10: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    node-debian10: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    node-debian10: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    node-debian10: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    node-debian10: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    node-debian10: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    node-debian10: your host and reload your VM.
    node-debian10: 
    node-debian10: Guest Additions Version: 5.1.38
    node-debian10: VirtualBox Version: 6.1
==> node-debian10: Setting hostname...
==> node-debian10: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> node-debian10: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> node-debian10: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
==> node-ubuntu1804: Checking if box 'generic/ubuntu1804' version '3.2.24' is up to date...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> node-ubuntu1804: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    node-ubuntu1804: Adapter 1: nat
    node-ubuntu1804: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> node-ubuntu1804: Forwarding ports...
    node-ubuntu1804: 22 (guest) => 2200 (host) (adapter 1)
==> node-ubuntu1804: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Booting VM...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    node-ubuntu1804: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
    node-ubuntu1804: SSH username: vagrant
    node-ubuntu1804: SSH auth method: private key
==> node-ubuntu1804: Machine booted and ready!
==> node-ubuntu1804: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    node-ubuntu1804: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    node-ubuntu1804: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    node-ubuntu1804: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    node-ubuntu1804: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    node-ubuntu1804: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    node-ubuntu1804: your host and reload your VM.
    node-ubuntu1804: 
    node-ubuntu1804: Guest Additions Version: 5.2.42
    node-ubuntu1804: VirtualBox Version: 6.1
==> node-ubuntu1804: Setting hostname...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> node-ubuntu1804: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> node-ubuntu1804: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

Generate ssh-config untuk ansible

$ vagrant ssh-config > ssh.config
$ cat ssh.config
Host node-debian10
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2222
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  IdentityFile /Users/andrkrn/andrkrn/ansible-pratice/.vagrant/machines/node-debian10/virtualbox/private_key
  IdentitiesOnly yes
  LogLevel FATAL

Host node-ubuntu1804
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2200
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  IdentityFile /Users/andrkrn/andrkrn/ansible-pratice/.vagrant/machines/node-ubuntu1804/virtualbox/private_key
  IdentitiesOnly yes
  LogLevel FATAL

Let's go ansible

Sekarang kita mempunyai 2 VM dan kita akan mencoba meng-install nginx pada ke 2 VM yang kita punya.

sebelum mengenal ansible mungkin kita akan melakukan nya dengan

connect ssh ke node-debian10
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx
exit
dan lakukan lagi untuk node-ubuntu1804

tetapi dengan ansible kita dapat membuat konfigurasi (roles) untuk meng-install nginx dan menjalankan roles pada hosts yang dituju

kita buat ansible.cfg terlebih dahulu

# ansible.cfg

[defaults]
interpreter_python = auto # menggunakan python3

[ssh_connection]
ssh_args = -F ./ssh.config # menggunakan ssh.config dari vagrant

lalu kita akan membuat sebuah configurasi untuk app1

.
├── Vagrantfile
├── ansible.cfg
├── app1
│   ├── hosts
│   ├── roles
│   │   └── nginx
│   │       └── tasks
│   │           └── main.yml
│   └── site.yml
└── ssh.config

# app1/hosts
node-debian10
node-ubuntu1804

# app1/site.yml
---

- hosts: all
  remote_user: vagrant
  become: true
  roles:
    - nginx

# app1/roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml
---

- name: install nginx
  apt:
    name: nginx
    state: present
    update_cache: true

setelah itu kita dapat mengjalankan configurasi yang telah kita buat dengan ansible-playbook

$ ansible-playbook -i app1/hosts app1/site.yml
PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node-debian10]
ok: [node-ubuntu1804]

TASK [nginx : install nginx] **********************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [node-debian10]
changed: [node-ubuntu1804]

PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
node-debian10              : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node-ubuntu1804            : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

nah sekarang, nginx telah terinstall di node-debian10 dan node-ubuntu1804.

Jika kita mempunyai VM yang baru yang ingin kita setup sama percis dengan yang sebelumnya, kita tinggal menambahkannya di hosts

# app1/hosts
node-debian10
node-ubuntu1804
node-anotherone